SOCIETY: You can take the Chinese out of China
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by: Guest
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As bicycle attendant Guo Guiyou stands guard outside a busy Beijing railway station, he suddenly makes a loud coarse noise as he opens his mouth and propels a gobbet of spit on to the pavement.
"It's good to spit, it's good for your health," said the 40-year-old man unapologetically as he rubs his shoe over the foul puddle he has just created.
Although there is now a wide consensus that spitting is "uncivilized" behavior, as pre-Olympics manners campaigns term it, spitting is still pretty much a trademark sight and sound across the country.
Even though the government has stepped up punishment for spitting, a possible fine of 50 renminbi (US$7) does not deter Guo.
"That's okay - most of the time, they don't see you," he said.
Few who visit China can help but notice the frequency of spitting in public, which often follows a irritatingly gravelly clearing of the throat and lungs, and a complete lack of embarrassment about the habit.
Abstract purpose of import and domestic stapler stapling digestive tract reconstruction surgery in the performance and the incidence of postoperative complications were compared. Surgical methods in the group with the same conditions for the use of the patients were randomly domestic stapler and stapled to import digestive tract reconstruction, in the comparison of the two operational level of anastomosis effect, the incidence of postoperative complications. Results will import stapler digestive tract reconstruction 68 cases, the application to domestic stapler digestive tract reconstruction 82 cases; in postoperative complications in 12 cases, of which application of domestic stapler seven cases, application imports stapler five cases. Conclusion imports and domestic stapler during both operational level, anastomosis effect, the incidence of postoperative complications compared no significant difference, while domestic stapler cost-competitive, could be replaced by imports stapler.
Keywords stapler digestive tract reconstruction
Medical University, B Article ID: 1726-7587 (2003) 04-0352-02
I Branch in January 2000 to October 2002, officers with the same conditions of the patients were randomly selected domestic stapler (Changzhou production) or import stapler (USA-Health and Taikeman companies) will digestive tract reconstruction 150 cases for both performance and the incidence of postoperative complications were compared, it is reported as follows.
1 information and Methods
150 cases of patients aged 22 to 83 years old, with an average age of 57.4 years, application imports stapler 68 cases, the application of domestic stapler 82 cases, the specific table 1.
2 Results
Postoperative complications 12 cases, the incidence of 8.0%, of which imports of stapler five cases, the complication rate was 7.4%, application of domestic stapler seven cases, the complication rate was 8.5 percent; specific data in table 2.
Table 1 different anastomosis of domestic and imported stapler application (abbreviated)
Table 2 were anastomosis complications (abbreviated)
3 discussion
Digestive tract diseases common diseases for general surgery, surgical therapy is the main treatment, in the digestive tract reconstruction of the important steps, such as low anastomosis rectal colon, esophagus and stomach anastomosis, gastroduodenal anastomosis, gastrojejunostomy, and so, in the past using manual suturing, operational difficulties, long operation time, the patient trauma, increase in the labor intensity of the medical staff, and requires extensive experience, skilled technical personnel sutured to complete. The deep, low and suture level is not high, after anastomotic bleeding, leakage and stenosis frequent occurrence. In recent years, the widespread use stapler, digestive tract reconstruction becomes simple, time-saving and can be master of staff at all levels, anastomosis effects have greatly improved. The stapling device currently in use are two domestic and imported, import prices due to expensive stapler for one-time items, according to China s spending power, not universal. With domestic stapler performance improvement, the results have been close to import stapler, and the low price, suitable for clinical generalizable. We pass on 150 cases of gastrointestinal disease patients with digestive tract reconstruction, the random use (based on the affordability of patients) import or domestic stapler, both in the use of the more operable no significant difference in the comparison of results and postoperative anastomosis complications occurred, there was no significant difference. We understand, whether imported or domestic application of staplers are certain postoperative complications occurred, but the basic anastomosis can achieve the desired effect.
Our analysis of this group 12 cases occurred in patients with complications, anastomotic bleeding and a stapler on, the double-stump dressing of the stapler Firing coherence, and other relevant factors; anastomotic stenosis and stapler models of choice, intraoperative the incorrect embedding, after no anastomotic expansion measures, and so on.n
Through the 150 cases of patients in the application of the import and domestic stapler for digestive tract reconstruction, in the comparison of the two operational level of anastomosis effect and the incidence of postoperative complications there was no significant difference, while domestic stapler with a price advantage, Domestic stapler can replace imported stapler.
Related: SOCIETY: You can take the Chinese out of China
Additional information:
From www.taipeitimes.com:
Mouth Glands As the portal of entry for food and the first step on the road to digestion, the mouth plays an important role in the process.
Digestion begins in the mouth. Chewing is very important to good digestion for two reasons. When chewed food is ground into fine particles, the digestive.
Mammals are characterized by differentiation of teeth for various functions. From front to back of the mouth the types are incisors, canines, premolars.
These consist of the organs of digestion, the organs of respiration. is a long membranous tube commencing at the mouth and terminating.
The first step of digestion involves the mouth and teeth. Food enters the mouth and is immediately broken down into smaller pieces.
Chewing is an extremely important, yet oftentimes overlooked, part of healthy digestion. Most people put food in their mouth, chew a few times and swallow.
Most people automatically think of the stomach when they think of digestion. Actually, though, digestion starts in the mouth as the first workstation.
What chemical digestion occurs in the mouth The first stage of digestion begins in your mouth. Chewing produces saliva, saliva contains enzymes.
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