Vitamin E pills may cut heart disease risk in diabetics
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Arianna Vignini from Polytechnic University of Marche in Ancona.
An estimated 19 million people are affected by diabetes in the EU 25, equal to four per cent of the total population. While the US document over 20 million people with diabetes, equal to seven per cent of the population. The total costs are thought to be as much as $132 billion, with $92 billion being direct costs from medication, according to 2002 American Diabetes Association figures.
Type 2 diabetics are known to be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and this has been linked to a decrease in fibrinolysis - a process whereby the protein fibrin is broken down in the bloodstream. Fibrin plays an active role in coagulation of the blood.
The decrease is fibrinolysis has been linked to increased production of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), as is observed in diabetics, as well as cellular adhesion molecules, including the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and the intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM).
The researchers assigned the 24 men and 13 women to receive the daily vitamin E supplements for 10 weeks, and then followed them for a further 20 weeks. At the end of the study, Vignini and co-workers report that PAI-1 levels decreased by 32 per cent after ten weeks, and returned to approximate baseline levels after a further 20 weeks without supplementation.
Moreover, VCAM-1 and ICAM levels decreased after 10 weeks, by 12 and 19 per cent, respectively.
In addition, the production of nitric oxide (NO) - a molecule key for better blood flow - increased by about 50 per cent after ten weeks of vitamin E supplementation.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a molecule used by the endothelium (cells lining the surface of blood vessels) to signal surrounding muscle to relax, leading to a reduction in blood pressure, reduced blood clotting and protection against myocardial infarction and strokes.
Despite the positive results and implications for type-2 diabetics, the authors sounded a note of caution, stating that no control arm with a placebo was used, and the study was not double-blind and randomised.
"Because of these limitations, our results can be considered highly suggestive of an effect of vitamin E supplementation on endothelial function in T2DM, but also indicates the need for further placebo-controlled studies on this issue," they stated.
In terms of vitamin E supplements and heart health for the wider population, a recent study reported that a higher dose - 3200 International Units - of vitamin E is needed to reduce oxidative stress in individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease, and this may be why previous trials using lower doses failed to show any benefits for the vitamin (Free Radical Biology and Medicine, doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.06.019).
A number of epidemiological and animal studies have reported that antioxidants like vitamin E, vitamin C and beta-carotene might offer some protection against heart attack in individuals at risk.
There are eight forms of vitamin E: four tocopherols (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) and four tocotrienols (alpha, beta, gamma, delta). Alpha-tocopherol (alpha-Toc) is the main source found in supplements and in the European diet, while gamma-tocopherol (gamma-Toc) is the most common form in the American diet.
Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases (Elsevier)
Published on-line ahead of print, doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2007.01.002
"A study on the action of vitamin E supplementation on plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and platelet nitric oxide production in type 2 diabetic patients"
Authors: A. Vignini, L. Nanetti, C. Moroni, R. Testa, C. Sirolla, M. Marra, S. Manfrini, D. Fumelli, F. Marcheselli, L. Mazzanti and R.A.
Every diabetic patients should always look at nutrition clinic, a disease for their own recipes. Dietitians said: Many patients with diabetes are aware diet control is one of the keys to treating diseases, but how to control diet, the majority of diabetes patients do not understand. ( More on the diabetic diet control ...n
A professional dieticians and diabetic patients will be under the condition of individual differences should be worked out daily intake of protein, fat, carbohydrate and total calorie, and then design a set of patients for three meals daily recipes and food under the circumstances and with the development of illness in time to adjust recipes. Thus, in patients with a guarantee that the treatment of diseases control diet played a positive role in promoting the same time; Ensured that every day patients with the necessary nutrients and calories. Diabetic patients individual differences exist between: If blood glucose index, height and weight, daily physical exertion and the attendant complications different, and their families, eating habits and the family environment, and so different. These are diet control, we should consider factors. Dieticians will consider each of the above factors and provide patients with a suitable individual differences in diet programs. This is the other specialist hospitals irreplaceable.n
With a height 170 cm, weight of 80 kg of heavy manual labor diabetics as an example, his weight has been overweight by body mass index, the need to control the weight loss to 70 kg diet around, but he is a heavy physical labor, eat at the same time, he must maintain a certain calorie and nutrition, Otherwise, he would eat or eat too little energy shortage caused hypoglycemia. If the patients served at the same time in hypoglycemic agents, then his diet structure is not the same. Dietitians help diabetic patients in the control diet at the same time, but also diabetic patients as much as possible so that the diversification of three meals a day to eat and enjoy food. Every diabetic patients should look at nutrition clinic as part of disease control. Advisory dietitians diabetic patients is beneficial not only for Disease Control access to the diet, and daily access to the necessary nutrients and calories guarantee. Well eat net diabetes consultants , Computer dietitian program is the understanding of diabetes patients with diabetes nutrition knowledge, nutrition Catering, assess their nutritional health and nutritional status of the best way to guide and ideal choice.
Related: Vitamin E pills may cut heart disease risk in diabetics
Additional information:
From www.nutraingredients.com:
Information about nutrition for people who have diabetes from the American Academy of Family.
A diabetes meal plan is a guide that tells you how much and what kinds of food you can choose to eat at meals and snack times. A good meal plan should.
Provides educational materials to increase knowledge and understanding about diabetes among patients, health care professionals, and the general.
Nutrition,Nutrition and Diabetes,Learn all about treatment, care, and management of chronic illnesses such as asthma, diabetes, hypertension.
A complete diabetes diet guide, including diabetic recipes, expert advices, meal planning tips, and useful diabetes and nutrition.
The Diabetes, Endocrine and Nutrition Center at Southwest Washington Medical Center provides individualized skills to manage healthy.
Harvard School of Public Health and Nutrition Research covers latest information on fiber, fats, calcium, carbohydrates, eggs, nutritional.
Comprehensive diabetes diet guide includes tips on how to manage blood glucose levels, the most beneficial foods for diabetics, the Diabetes.
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