MCCOLLUM S COLUMN: The meow factor a miracle cure and too much
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From some catty antics during March Madness to a strange diet, here is a fresh batch of "David Citations" for the interesting, zany and just plain weird in sports:
WEIRDEST WAY TO ALMOST WIN A BRACKET CONTEST: In a large office pool in a bracket contest for an NCAA tournament, a friend entered his cat. For the cat's entry, he predicted top-seeded teams to win every game. If UCLA had made it to the championship game, the cat would have won.
WORST FINAL FOUR BRACKET TIP: "You're an idiot if you just pick the No. 1 seeds all to reach the Final Four."
WEIRDEST ANALYSIS: Surely CBS' Billy Packer had his tongue embedded in his cheek when he made this statement as Memphis and Kansas went into overtime for the national title game, "Kansas knows what it takes to be in an overtime championship game. They won in three overtimes against North Carolina in 1957." What? That was more than three decades before any of the current players were born.
MOST POIGNANT ANALYSIS: In a column outlining the frustration of Memphis players after coming so close to winning the national title, Geoff Caulkins of the Memphis Commercial Appeal wrote, "W.C. Handy would know what to do at this moment."
Rice planthopper stripe virus is spread by a virus disease, pathogen for rice stripe virus (Rice Stripe Virus, RSV). Since 1999, the disease occurred in the scope of Jiangsu increasing, the severity of getting higher and higher, Jiangsu now has become a major rice production disease problems. In 2004 the disease in the surrounding areas of Jiangsu, Zhejiang Huzhou, Tianchang, Anhui, Shandong Jining also heavier occurred seems to be the trend spread to the province. To better understand the nature of epidemic diseases, provide a theoretical basis for disease control, since the beginning of 2001, Jiangsu rice stripe disease research collaboration group from RSV a planthopper a rice varieties an agro-ecological a human behaviour of this disease epidemic diseases 2.50 ecosystems conducted a comprehensive study, the following brief, I ecosystem disease epidemic disease control strategy and the superficial understanding.
Rice stripe virus pathogenic and epidemic diseases by 2004, Jiangsu, Yunnan, Shandong, Henan, and 60 rice grown varieties to identify the host, after purification from 2003 MSC isolated from Jiangsu, Hongze, ginger Weir, Jingjiang, Peixian County, salt and other six regional seven RSV isolates of a pathogenicity test results showed that different from the rice, the prevalence of different diseases in the separation of RSV in 60 varieties of rice - influenza performance is closer to that of RSV disease may not promote the current epidemic of Rice Stripe the main factors.
2 Mediator planthopper and the occurrence of virus structure and disease prevalence of 2.1 planthopper planthopper is a stay of insects, through 2001? D2004, in Jiangsu Hongze, Eastern Taiwan, and other places Jiangyan fixed-point and field no sentinel surveys (induced lights, yellow-trap law, set flutter, scratch disk, network scan), planthopper in Jiangsu in the year 5? D6 generation, generation planthopper mainly in the small and barley Wheat growth, in the largest amount, followed by the occurrence of the second generation planthopper. Only a year planthopper peak migration, rice planthopper in Daejeon less (II planthopper by the occurrence of chemical control restrictions, and the other by the previous generation and also the base and high temperature limitations), adults 95 percent for the short-winged, the proliferation of non-active migration ability. Jiangsu planthopper a large number of overwintering sites, including rice residue piles and grassy ridge blocking the drains in the weeds of a dominant position. No-tillage in wheat and rice sets of technology has changed the implementation of the overwintering sites planthopper is planthopper base increase year after year in the winter one of the main reasons.
2.2 planthopper and the occurrence of epidemic diseases is generally believed that relations between the occurrence of planthopper Wheat stripe disease outbreak is the determining factor, we use 2001 a 2004 Jiangsu rice stripe virus re-issued, light planthopper in the area of data, combined Hongze, Dafeng, Jiangyan, such as a test bed to set up precise data from the surface and two point perspective and from two geographical span of time and conduct in-depth studies. Catcher planthopper study results show that the level of occurrence of stripe virus epidemic is a secondary impact factor from the point of view of surface, a large quantity of wheat fields planthopper, the average severity of the disease was generally high. But from the point of view of point, planthopper wheat fields and the occurrence of disease is not necessarily between the severity of the contact occurred in the wheat fields planthopper large areas, minor defects may occur, such as the 2004 Jiangsu Changshu, Jiangyin , and other places; Catcher planthopper occurring is low, such as 2001, 2002, in Jiangsu Province, in 2004, as well as most parts of the Xuzhou, Jiangsu, Yangzhou, in the same plants in more than 80 percent of the
Jiangsu Jianhu, Jiangyan, Baoying, such as planthopper Hongze high incidence area similar to the severity of disease. Catcher planthopper only to the occurrence of stripe virus epidemic provides a possible epidemic of the disease and Honda Yangtianba in planthopper and the intrusion of a positive correlation, that is depends on the severity of the epidemic disease of rice seedling and planthopper generation adult migration peak level of overlap.
2.3 RSV planthopper carry and transmit the characteristics of the 80 female carriers of the transmission of RSV and two carriers of the same age, not family, the carriers of different gender planthopper characteristics compare from Jiangsu in different places, the incidence of the virus
RSV in the transfer of four single-parent generation, the 40 per cent rate of virus in 100%, 40% in the rate of carriers of more than 70 per cent, with about 20% Toxicity rate at 20% below the August transfer 20% of carriers in the rate of more than 90 per cent, most carriers reduce the rate to below 50 per cent, about 30 per cent of the planthopper pure virus rate fell to 0; transfer 12 generation, lO percent planthopper carriers remain at more than 90%. That in the field of natural populations, affinity groups can be divided into three categories: high affinity, stability egg-RSV; affinity in a period of time can be more stable egg-RSV: general affinity available RSV eggs-but not stable. Planthopper RSV in the body, the concentration increased with the age and higher rate than male of female carriers. Rice planthopper rate from the virus level and the incidence of rice to a certain extent, but even in the incidence rate of 100 per cent of the
RSV). Planthopper different regions of the virus last year, or with the local field has happened stripe disease severity of the epidemic.
2.4 planthopper structure and carriers of disease prevalence and geographical relations from the time span studied planthopper two carriers of the rate and the relationship between the stripe blight epidemic. Main results: planthopper carriers stripe disease prevalence rate and the severity of the relationship between certain, but not necessarily a causal relationship. Diseases prevalent in the region, planthopper high rate of carriers Along with the continuous epidemic diseases, the carriers of a particular region planthopper rates rise: collected from the high incidence of rice planthopper high rate of carriers; the same planthopper weight in the area of the virus was higher than that of light district in the same light as the district
But in planthopper abnormal circumstances, the first peak of danger and the second peak equally important.
Transplanting of rice and 4.2 stripe blight epidemic in 2003 to set up pilot points in the Hongze 2002? D2004 in Hongze, salt, Changshu site investigation field, and Suriname and the Soviet Union in the areas of North Jiangsu comparison, in 2003, 2004, the Hongze Zhu dam set up demonstrations, research on conventional rice transplanting rice transplanting period stripe virus and the relationship between the popular and why. The results show that: stripe disease mainly in the conventional rice transplanting popular, transplanting period of the epidemic disease has had a notable impact. Planting early sowing early lead generation planthopper adult entered Daejeon, nymphs of the second generation in a long period, there is a large quantity of heavy disease of the root causes. Can be planted late due to a certain extent inhibited stripe virus epidemic.
4.3 rice cultivation technology and the current epidemic of Jiangsu stripe blight on the production methods used by rice cultivation transplanting sterile water, dry nursery transplant, plastic tray Seedling-broadcasting, Mr sets broadcast, Mr water after the live broadcast, such as not Transplanting . Survey results show that different rice cultivation methods on the occurrence of stripe blight has important influence in the rice sowing date postponed to 3 leaf stage appeared in the adult generation planthopper migration period, the planthopper can avoid the intrusion of hazards, and basic the occurrence of stripe disease control. Diseases re-issued in the circumstances, the clever use of new cultivation methods such as water broadcast Transplanting, plastic tray Seedling-broadcasting, and so on, can be effectively controlled stripe disease hazards.
4.4 rice stripe virus epidemic through research center found that rice stripe disease in the fields of pop with the more obvious in the Centre, the Centre is remarkable features of a large quantity of planthopper, the first stripe virus and the second peak incidence peak of the same serious morbidity (in the centre of the surrounding area is the second peak incidence general emphasis on the first peak).
5 human behavior and disease epidemic stripe virus outbreak and the continuing prevalence of human behaviour major government action, pesticides enterprises, consumers, farmers of four aspects. Government s sense of pushing quality, high-yield rice varieties, disease control ideologically to the chemical control methods Yihui disease control measures rely too much on the institutional reform of the rural grass-roots agricultural technology popularization system, such as the weakening of government behavior on the fringes of the blight epidemic bear some responsibility; pesticide enterprises blind pursuit of short-term profits, without trial under strict recommendation to the production and sale of low effect without the effects of pesticides, to a certain extent, affected stripe disease control results ; consumers the choice of high-quality rice varieties and accreditation so that this type of market demand increases, prompted farmers to plant susceptible to disease epidemic has created basic conditions for the pursuit of market efficiency, and reduce costs for large farm, Early planted to rice early sowing, planthopper to create a powerful drug-conditions, increased disease incidence in rural areas to reduce the quality of the labor force farmers to effectively prevent and control the disease can not implement technology, reduce labor intensity of the light, such as rice cultivation sets of MR technology demand, promoting disease epidemic.
6 Rice stripe virus epidemic ecosystem structure 6.1 Jiangsu and Yunnan Rice stripe virus epidemic ecosystem comparison Jiangsu and Yunnan are endemic area for RSV, but in a pandemic Jiangsu RSV under the conditions of Yunnan RSV is a low prevalence state, why worth exploring. Disease epidemic from 1.40 of the two ecosystems of the RSV epidemic a comparative analysis found: rice varieties resistant index, planthopper and the occurrence of the low rate of carriers, agro-ecological environment is not conducive to winter planthopper (or plow wheat fields Mr thoroughly before kinds of leisure, not plow non-host crop cultivation, etc.) Yunnan stripe virus prevalence of minor factors. Major rice varieties and low resistance index, the agro-ecological environment is favorable to the winter planthopper lead planthopper in large quantity, disease caused planthopper years in a high rate of carriers of Jiangsu stripe virus prevalent reasons. Rice transplanting period between climatic factors is not the main reason for differences in disease prevalence and 6.2 Surinamese Su, the North Jiangsu Rice stripe virus epidemic Although the comparisons RSV ecosystems in Jiangsu within popular, but, surprisingly, the , in the 20th century, the 1960s RSV pandemic diseases endemic areas in southern Jiangsu much lower than the severity of the epidemic first time in the history of the Soviet Union and in northern Jiangsu, of the reasons is worth studying. Disease epidemic from 1.40 to Suriname and the Soviet Union, North Jiangsu RSV epidemic ecosystems found a comparative analysis: planthopper and the occurrence of virus rate, climatic conditions, rice varieties resistant index, planthopper Summer and Winter environment, and so is not restricted stripe disease in these areas popular reason lies in the transplanting of rice, rice transplanting period no later than the current areas in southern Jiangsu stripe disease in the nature of lesser reasons.
6.3 rice stripe virus and Rice Black Dwarf Virus epidemic comparison of RSV and lasting planthopper RBSDV are sexually transmitted, similar to the host range, biology closer, but the epidemic has tremendous difference . RSV prevalent mainly in rice, maize, mainly in the RBSDV popular. RSV in endemic areas (Hongze) and two hybrid rice virus endemic area (Dafeng) to set up pilot equivalent Comparison Test At the same time, the two popular ecosystems of the comparative study results show that resistance is both popular host on One of the main reasons difference: corn and the high sense of anti-RSV RBSDV, Rice RBSDV flu anti-RSV: two popular models are different: RBSDV popular in the Corn mainly to the beginning of infection, infection performance of a single model, and RSV Rice in the early epidemic is both infection and infection repeat performance for complex infection model; exist between different ecological environment: RSV exist in rice-based ecosystems, and RBSDV exist in early region (summer planting corn , cotton, soybean and other dry crops, winter wheat); two ways of transmitting a difference: RSV mainly for vertical transmission, the host RBSDV need to constantly shift. Eggs may be decided-or two-rice planthopper differences in the prevalence key factor.
6.4 Rice stripe virus epidemic structure of the ecosystem under years of investigation and analysis, the RSV epidemic ecosystems generally have the following characteristics:
Planthopper occurrence of generation planthopper
Related: MCCOLLUM S COLUMN: The meow factor a miracle cure and too much
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