GAO: Poor Staffing Cited in Youths Deaths at Boot Camp
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Information on the facilities is not centralized and remains spotty, the report concluded. Some states closely regulate the private facilities, while others oversee them only loosely.
But by scouring court records and Web sites and interviewing lawyers, family and others familiar with the facilities, the GAO found more than 1,600 cases of alleged abuse in 33 states in 2005 alone.
The study did not include publicly run foster care or juvenile justice programs, only the private facilities that often serve as a last resort for the parents and family of behaviorally troubled or substance-abusing teens.
The issue of abuse at such facilities has been a recurrent one at the local level. Seven boot camp guards and a nurse are on trial in Florida for manslaughter in the January 2006 death of 14-year-old Martin Lee Anderson, who died after being repeatedly struck in an altercation with them.
Even some programs sponsored by states have come into question at times. In Maryland, allegations of abuse at state-run boot camps led to the shake-up of the state's juvenile justice agency in 1999 and the suspension of the program.
The findings of the GAO's study, the subject of hearings this morning before a House committee, will cast a national spotlight on a network of private businesses and boarding schools that promise to turn around the lives of troubled kids by teaching them survival skills or bringing more discipline to their lives. There are about 71 such programs operating around the nation, the GAO said. The study did not include enrollment statistics.
Neither did the agency's report examine the effectiveness of the methods involved, noting only that many cite positive outcomes. But, in examining the cases of 10 youths who died, the agency concluded that facility managers and staff were often ill-equipped to teach the very skills they promised -- or ready to handle an emergency when it arose.
One 15-year-old, for example, whose parents had paid $20,000 for a nine-week program in Utah to help her overcome the psychological effects of a date-rape, died during a wilderness hike in 1990 despite showing symptoms of dehydration for two days. The five-day hike was the first such trip conducted by the fledgling program, and hike leaders were not familiar with the area, relied upon maps and a compass to navigate the difficult terrain, and became lost.
The girl stopped eating and began vomiting on the third day, but was ignored by staff who thought she was faking, the GAO wrote, noting that brochures advertised the staff as highly trained survival experts. The girl collapsed two days later -- staff did have radios to summon help -- and died despite efforts to perform CPR.
In another case, a 14-year-old boy, was sent by his parents to another program in Utah, apparently to address behavioral problems associated with his bipolar and attention deficit disorders. During a hike, he displayed signs of elevated body temperature -- hyperthermia. Two staff members moved him into the shade, but then left him unaided for 10 minutes while one hid behind a tree and watched to determine if he was feigning illness. When the staff member returned, the boy had no pulse and was unresponsive to CPR.
A program manager was found not guilty of a felony child abuse charge. Although the program was shut down, the owner subsequently opened another facility.
The history of family therapy The historical roots of family therapy After World War II, many studies scholars and the subsequent follow-up practice researchers will turn their attention to the family in creating and maintaining one or more family members of the psychological distress in the role. In the aftermath of the war, the family suddenly, a series of issues (social, interpersonal, cultural, environmental), in order to these problems, the community psychologists to seek solutions. Psychological treatment of psychological problems also extend to the limits of family problems, such as marital disharmony, separation and divorce, all kinds of emotional disorders. Psychological therapy has begun to examine the family relationship between the members and the need to amend the interaction to facilitate personal growth. Finally, more and more aware of clinical treatment and change the structure of the family mode of interaction is often necessary, in order to substitute the appropriate behavior problems, dysfunction or are not suited to act. In recent decades, a variety of behavioral sciences and disciplines of professional training, family involvement in the development of a large number of families to view and understanding of the operational functions. Early post-war scholars and Juergen Brunner Construction Ruesch common human communication theory. H. I. Goldenberg and Goldenberg (1983) noted that five seemingly independent scientific and clinical development, while the emergence of family therapy began. These include: (a) the spirit of the treatment to be extended to include emotional problems, including the final process for the whole family; (2) use of general systems theory, a mutual strengthening of those relations between the overall relationship between the various departments; (3) Observation members of the family in shaping the role of schizophrenia; (4) Children counseling and marriage counseling two areas of development; (5) new clinical skills such as increasing interest in the treatment groups. Spirit of Freud s psychoanalysis is the first theory, and the establishment of the treatment technology, the United States after World War II to become the mainstream consciousness psychiatric treatment. Freud aware of family relationships for personal motives personality formation, in particular the development of pathological behavior. In many of his cases, we know the family relationship to the spirit of Freud s thinking of the rich to assist the diagnosis. However, as Freud respected individual treatment, until 1950, family members began to be regarded as treatment groups. Another pair of influential family therapy is Adler. His hand-foot-competitive or family constellation, and the life style that his understanding of family experiences affect adult life in the pivotal role. Adler s theory may now be family therapy in the treatment process. Adler colleagues Dreikues Child Guidance Center of the United States expand family counseling center for children and adults to promote understanding and cooperation, to provide teachers courses, and the formation of various types of family groups. Another important theorist of the United States psychiatrists Sullivan, he stressed relationships in the development of personality on the role of family life that the confusion of schizophrenia. Don Jackson and Murray Bowen Theory by Sullivan, later to become the field of family therapy outstanding figures. Ackerman to adopt the spirit of the principle of the famous family, he emphasized the role of the family is a dynamic psycho-social unit. General Systems Theory A representative of the general system theory to include all living systems to understand the theoretical model, and a model of the behavioral sciences. This theory on the surface unrelated to the phenomenon described as self-adjustment system components, changing to seek stable state. Its application to the family, the focus is part of the overall composition, how to organize and how the interaction. This theory for the family to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment. The study of schizophrenia and their families Families in the form that could be interpreted in different forms of adult psychiatry circumstances, the end of 1940, research scholars began against schizophrenia patients and family life education and conduct research, which aroused attention to the first family relations in the manufacture and maintenance of the sick role. The family pathology research has been continued until the 1950s, many of the clinical treatment through its rich experience, to draw conclusions: families were interpreted as support for abnormal individual dysfunction, the treatment of patients with schizophrenia is a dysfunction in the family role, and do legislation on other types of family interaction. Marriage counseling and child counseling Marriage counseling and child counseling area is a pioneer in family therapy, effective treatment for those in need of treatment have also plagued the treatment of spouses, parents or children. It allows family members to accept the matching treatment, revised the traditional emphasis alone in the treatment of patients. Group therapy Group therapy from the 20th since multi-use. Through groups in the form of more efficient. It uses small group process in the provision of the entire family as a model for objects. Family therapy development Family therapy movement in the 1950s with the impetus to national attention. This era of the pioneer family therapist, and the other in the 1960s but the original orientation of the individual mind the idea of the impact on individuals more dissatisfied with the direction of the therapists, therapists deeply by this new concept of dysfunctional behavior and treatment methods attracted. Because of the early families were not heeded, the only scientist in the clinical application to rush to their clinical physical, in the course of these, many of them involved in the development of a new strategy for the whole family. Family therapy at the time around the world and a corresponding development, in particular in Europe. In the 1970s the development of skills far beyond the theoretical development of new treatment technologies to be developed, and family-related issues, including the approach of treatment. This theory to the rapid pace of growth, and there are many self-awareness and self-evaluation efforts ongoing. In the 1980s, marriage and family therapy combined into a single field. From different backgrounds physical training workers set up an inter-training organizations, making family therapists Characterization of a professional. The 1990s family therapy has been far from the mainstream of the school respectively, thereby moving toward integration, scholars interested in the theory of the system again recovery. Construction on another point also makes note of the work of family therapy language and meaning. Family therapy theories The family is not only shared by a group of specific physical and psychological space of the individual components, but also unique nature of a natural social system. Family therapy movement began in 1950 have mushroomed, and this matched the views of family therapy has also been vigorously developing. Freud s psychoanalysis by the impact of clinical family is usually inherent psychological perspective, through open and focus on the reconstruction of the past, they assumed that such knowledge or perceived will generate the necessary insight, as a result of changes and improvements in symptoms. Do not deny individual inherent in the course and conduct of the premise, the human problems more extensive views on personal behavior in the event of the family context. But with the inherent psychological viewpoint contrary interpersonal perspective, not only to individual families and individuals to the complex interaction, but also all acts that are not obvious starting with a series of incidents in the end part of these incidents is continuing, interactive, and the cycle repeated. From a family perspective on the past is not to find the answer to a cause, but the focus will therapists in the family-oriented exchanges in the current model. Such a perspective assumptions people and events exist in mutual interaction and mutual influence in the context, which is shared between other family members each person s fate. Family psychology and clinical application in the treatment of the family, such a systemic view, from the traditional emphasis on individual psychology, the study expanded to individuals in the main relationship, marriage and the role of the family and the essence. According to this view, a show of functional disorders (such as drug abuse, eating disorders, phobia) represents a system deficiencies. The transfer model As long as a set by the attitude, philosophy, views, procedure or methodology to dominate scientific thinking (that is, the so-called model), then everyone will be from the perspective of school to find solutions to the problem. However, if the widely popular model can not explain some serious issues, there will be more scientific and efforts to replace the theory demonstrated the theoretical system. Once the old theory of belief system was replaced, along with perspectives on the change, and the previous incidents will be given new definition. According to Kuhn (1970), the view of the paradigm shift will lead to the results of scientific change. As the 1950s many psychotherapists thoughts go through a change, then the family is considered the beginning of treatment period. Family therapy is not just another kind of treatment, which represents an understanding of human problems, understanding, the development of symptoms, and the solution is a new approach. Harly and other people have the view that family therapy model that the transfer because it has broken the old idea, we must use a new method to collect the information and explain the future. This paradigm shift beyond the personal concerns of the past only personality trait or repeated acts types, or even not only concern the interaction between people, this conceptual leap, the family is the theme of the event. The family is a function of the interactive system, it is an entity in itself, not only greater than the sum invested in family members, also provide context to understand the structure of individual operations. Artificial head of the epistemology Family therapy to artificial minds of epistemology, as our usual understanding and consideration as an alternative method. We are simple or that the sequence of the first artificial brain science, by the spread of computer science and engineering in the development of out of this system to understand how to adjust all the basic principles and methods. Later, attention gradually shift structure (structure) and the feedback loop control; The General Clauses or practices were used to explain what exactly is the disclaimer in all systems, and can be an objective observer of study and change the system, but remains outside the system. Brunner artificial minds of rules applied to the process of human communication, including those of psychiatry and related parts. He first proposed the concept in the minds of providing family therapy area, but he headed the artificial concept of the family to provide the basis for an intellectual. Brunner bold assumption of many clinical workers to divert attention from the behavior of the patients, in turn examine information exchange and family relationships in the course content, and also play a crucial role. On the interactive decision The opinion will be used to shift attention from the content of the course to the family. Not that this new perspective to the historical facts as the current interpretation of the issue, but will focus on the minds of the family system in a series of associated communication exchange. Content is linear causal relationship between language, this view is that in a single incident in the direction of the stimulation - a reaction which is causing the incident. Such a view to be suitable for simple understanding of the mechanical situation, but to deal with the kind of family interaction is very complex organizations inappropriate. In family members when a member of the changes affect all the other members and the whole family, in turn, impact the first reflex, continuous circular loop to repeat a chain reaction or impact. This mutual relationship between the two men is not limited to, the extended family still existed in many of these chains are often unable to understand the first to open the first. Family history of the affected individual acts contrary, in the family system will affect the individual family history. Family interactive decision on the operation is typical. The incidence and the emergence of symptoms Frame of reference in the family, when we analyze the behavior of a single family member, if not pay attention to the acts occurred when the background is not understood. Family therapist is not the source of the problem or the emergence of symptoms as a sick people, and, while the only individuals with symptoms that the person who called the incidence, he expressed the imbalance or family dysfunction. Such views of the functional family therapy scientist, to family members about the symptoms or functional significance, as a family instability and attempted to change the debug and reconstruction balanced signal. Other families of Jurists that the symptoms of the treatment of families under pressure by the reaction, not necessarily to maintain the family balance protection solution. From this point of view, despite the efforts of family problems set in a certain family members who, in fact all family members are the same, with symptoms. Therapists must understand the adverse interaction of the family context, and then as family members of the groups to change the context, in order to allow new interactive way up the possibility. The second sequence of artificial minds White and other Postmodernism advocated second sequence of artificial minds. The second sequence of artificial minds Although reservations in the minds of the metaphor, but advocates engaged in family therapy, the therapist must perception that many individual existence, but everyone on the description of the facts and the family has its own views; In fact everyone has their concept of the family, they are all individual and correct perception. They stressed the objective does not actually exist, the so-called family is the objective narrator describes the social construct, not the reality families. The family is not from the objective reality of ways to find, because he is only through social interaction by the members of the same view. From this new perspective, a family consisting of multiple viewpoints, and no longer be seen as an observer, therapists were also involved in a construction of reality. Therapists must not think that he or any member of the family or problems can be found in reality , as other participants, therapists see family status, his family and the special assumption that the product. Each family has multiple facts, but is not a common fact, therapists or not regard themselves as a member of the reality of interpretation is correct, and that a member of the view is distorted. For those families than done for the mechanical systems division, the first order of artificial minds is still the main focus, but the second sequence of artificial minds of commentators have advocated family is a living system should not be seen as external set of objects, but should be seen as a self-created independent entities. Currently, most family therapists continue to artificial minds in the perspective of the substantive work. Although the second sequence of the mind can not be replaced by artificial sequence of the first artificial minds of the validity of the recent rise of the views raised many questions on how to conduct family therapy more effective Structural family therapy -- Accession (joining) Adding treatment, in order to facilitate the diagnosis and do change, and family links action, it is not only contribute to the diagnostic technology, the most important to be able to use it to intervene in order to promote change. Although in the beginning stages of family contacts will be very stressed by adding but in fact it also occurs in any stage of treatment. Adding the process of treatment to encourage family members to feel safe enough to stop exploring alternative methods and the interaction to solve the problem together. To know their pressure and pain, treatment so that they know the quality of hardship is safe, for example, in a close family, if a member has obvious negative characteristics, structure oriented treatment to confirm its existence, but absorption of this personal responsibility for the acts . If the child said: You look very naive. Parents are how do you maintain that such small? , Said: by your behavior seem, you very dependent on his wife. What makes you so she can not afford? Through this technology, family members can identify their problems without being criticized or feel guilt or blame, than having to deny or defense, but will also make families feel about their treatment, and together with them and work for them. The treatment, adding , mainly through individual family members and contacts. Contact way can be said to have unlimited species, but for the whole family and its individual members, some way can be accepted, while others will be resisted; Some may be very smooth, very friendly to one to one, while some may not quite smooth. The accession of individual members of the contact caused by emotional feelings can be formed on the entire family emotional images. Treatment crossing between the family and outside the boundaries for any possible foothold positions, and may seek treatment and the formation of the alliance system. Although the intent of treatment is absolutely positive, but basically, any form of accession will inevitably interfere with the original family life, the family would naturally this outsiders , adding the disruption caused by the careful review, and resist, combining reaction. In all these contacts and treatment in the struggle is not a random, often with a fixed pattern of family, the family system of treatment or intervention conform debugging, and often can provide treatment to the main function of the family and important diagnostic information. In short, adding is not merely a diplomatic wrist or just a therapeutic relationship to it. Treatment can help, adding found the secret system, as well as experience in dealing with families aware of external forces (treatment), the customary pattern, adding, the structure that is doing the diagnosis. However, adding the work is not only how to properly put a family therapist in a suitable location, or the family is found only in the operation, and the only choice to follow family rules only. Accession can also be used to deal with the technology, through the use of some of the different rules of operation, the family stirred original rules of this family is how to respond. Treatment may be discovered or found still maintain the stability of the family, adding means, although this can also obtain some of the information, but the value of the degree, it would be less than the value of treatment to a number of actions designed to achieve the challenges and changes the effect of family rules. A good treatment, and this can sometimes temporarily by the family conform to customs and join the family, in tone, language and posture, they follow the rules, to experience the real side of the family values and strength. This way the initial stage of the talks particularly useful. If the treatment like their families, they can more easily enter the so-called Do as the Romans Do also refers to join the new environment for the practice. However, if not treated with some attempt , even if only in private family decided to break the rules, then it is these very dangerous position, which makes treatment instead of the assimilation (Induction). Assimilation refers to the treatment unwittingly wishes of the family structure and morbid process. Perhaps treatment can accept the fact that: sometimes to join , assimilation is the unavoidable price, but also are convinced that their families do not fully agree with some of the usual pattern of behavior ceremony, or is not as a treatment of the. Some people think that by assimilation is a painful process, and painful treatment can assist in the assimilation of a state of alert in time, but unfortunately, when the treatment was assimilation , he frequently is the last one found. -- Description, description, explanation Although the orientation of the structure of considerable attention, in the first action that cognitive. But it is by the accumulation of experience we know, absolutely not in the treatment of cognitive overlooked the importance of Not that the interaction between cognition and behavior is the existence of acts that experience, and through the consolidation of cognition; Conversely, sometimes also stimulate cognitive behavior change. In the entire course of treatment, family therapy, description , or explain that the situation is recurring.n
Treatment often required to provide professional views on the family to see their own neglected or denied treatment progress. Some families gather information and judgment of the mechanism and capacity is so poor, they can not see any progress and the differences in treatment must be provided to them from outside the judgment and views. Families have great pressure, such as a serious disease of children, violence or mental relapse families, who often require treatment repeatedly remind them to the deterioration of the order. In such circumstances, the treatment must be strong leadership from the responsibility for correction and family attitudes. Failure to do so is likely to lead to injury of the other symptoms of the outbreak. In the role of professional bodies, treatment can also accumulate information and evidence to the possibility of a future recurrence of the forecast. For instance, a gang or university near youngest psychiatric attack, in the short term hospitalization, will be home living. Treatment in the face of this case, they can face of the family that said: This child will live with you for many years, perhaps until your death, unless you can immediately address this problem. Treatment may also said: Many families have encountered this problem, clinical often see the results take care of the child at home is a lifetime. Transfer expert judgment to be calm but firm, convincing and experience.n
In many cases, loss of function of the order is a result of neglect, rather than malicious. Parents and children often quite open to treatment through the importation of information to learn. Some first-time mothers mothers, fathers lack of the concept of how the father had just relocated the new environment of the family and move upwards from low class families, they may need only some educational proposals, including more open-book to them. Education orientation not only to their direct knowledge, it also provides indirect, courteous manner, to avoid the potential embarrassment of the case situations. Of course, the treatment is ready to assess the cases do not know or refuse to do so. (3) treatment, as a description of the sequence of The description of the sequence of treatment is most likely to tell the family, they are a way how. He points out a circle dance of interactive links, they told all participants in a typical role and explain to them how to form their moves is the problem. In order to do any of the acts described, the treatment must be careful not to pay attention to the accuracy of their statements, depends on how the family is to receive such information, and whether such statements will create impact. A good description of the sequence of operations to be like the same directive, which means treatment must assess the emotional state of the family, timing, who to include in the description, and so on; When the system is ready to open the new information, they do describe the sequence of acts will be very effective. The treatment described is not only passively let the family know, but also in the treatment under the guidance of the initiative to expose. Families can experience or understanding for the treatment of those already observed or aware of the patterns of behavior. Description of treatment or operations in the form of trying to show that they are the original essay structure for the role or experience has shown to produce a new experience. Family sculpture under the guidance of technology is in exposing the best example, because any spatial location replacement will be prompted members from the other participants and the active treatment under the guidance of a new study. This form of this with a simple description of the order (which behavior is naturally occurring) is different, it is deliberately designed according to the results of experience, when completed, the family members may be living process for the new concept. (4) treatment as the analytic Based on the observation and many of the assumptions inherent psychological process, treatment often must provide for the family Analytical. These concepts considerable concern intrinsic motivation, personal emotional state right of the contribution and predictable behavior and exchanges between the inner psychological state of the psychological dynamic association. Treatment Analysis of the intent is to promote the more reason to act hole Organization, also suggested that certain public behavior is inevitable, but also to the personal privacy and has an inner strength. This form of recount, with a theoretical framework, is not included in the interactive behavior of the model system, but it often offers proficient in the traditional Double interactive psychology cases. When the analytical process and the changing family style consistency, taste, structure-oriented treatment will be to choose it, but often must carefully consider the underlying technology of the model structure and function of the impact. (5) treatment as a framework to re - The framework is being run through all the technology continues to inform and explain the features. Although it is clearly not from the structure of family therapy theory, but it has extensive clinical use. Therefore, it intervene in the event of an interpretative occupies a special position. Re framework is a simple matter to the attention of the specific reality of the different multi-oriented. The incident perception, we look at when and by what perspective it. For example, if we see a certain Mr. less interaction with children as passive personality and the father paid little role of the set, and then, if we will cognitive perspective from his pro-level performance to the role of marriage to assess the loyalty and support, we will find that the President is sensitive to her right in the child-rearing needs, taking into account my wife s sense of identity and inclusiveness her anxiety. Thus, we may, as the sensitive and loyal. Therefore, when we change the context of the events and new interactive look at the incident angle, we will see the different meaning of the incident. Therefore, the treatment must be provided to families on their behavior more complex images to enable them to the correct angle to the framework of their behavior. -- Imitation, focusing, performance Imitation (mimesis) Imitation is used to imitate the attitude of family, style, emotional expression of the breadth of content or communication, adding the family process. Treatment can tell their own experience or imitate a member of the acts, which often closer and family relations. Family therapist to pay attention to the language used, auditory, visual, olfactory, or somatosensory nature; They should also pay attention to the use of metaphor, their movements, house rules , such as the thrifty , Shu family , eat in the bitter pains of the people lead humane, Everything. Highlights (focus) In treatment, therapists like photographer, he has used his camera to display images, for example, he has a house, he optional King, sold door to door window, from another angle showed the chimney of a group photo, and so on. On the same object from different angles to deliver multiple levels of information, it is not only the description, in conveying a concept. In the treatment of a family, will be complex and varied information submerged. He will be busy to see limits to the power, to see where the problem lies, acts of interactive functionality. Treatment must be some significance in the choice and structure of these integrated information, which must be integrated in the treatment of the basic model (schema), to bring about change. That is the treatment of such information must be resettled, and the interaction between them on, and for the treatment of the corresponding links, in other words to their acts of symptoms associated with the system to do. To achieve these, treatment must first select a focus of the work to develop a theme. At the same time, he must filter out many Although very interesting, but irrelevant to the current treatment plan information. This way, he can concentrate on his current treatment, and will not be too much interference by the information and submerged. The basic model of the structure, including the objectives and the strategy to achieve the objective. For example, to the considerable emotional challenges entangled family structure, treatment can be focused on family fuzzy boundaries. He wants to do this depends on how the treatment of the content and process, and much of the information on the treatment of the theme will be excluded or converted into deformation and used to reach treatment targets. Lock to explore the theme of the general as digging wells, from a small area in depth. His exploration of the information is relevant and change the process, instead of just the family history and describe it, he focused on a fragment of family experience, will be in charge of the family rules of conduct useful information. Of course, the treatment must be quite understand their day on incomplete dangerous possibilities. Once he selected a focus on certain information may be ignored. He must be sensitive to certain warning signal, if the family told her: We can not keep up with you , he must listen into, as it is said: You are with you and the theory behind closed doors, not with us. Treatment should also understand that with the focus has been caught the danger. When he conform to the family and gather information, he may be attracted to the family say that the information easily. The work is the treatment of the family to change rather than let them feel better. Performances Performance refers to treatment of family conflict into context, the family demonstration how they deal with it. Treatment can plan accordingly adjust their interaction and structural changes to the method. For example, a mother complained that the two-year-old daughter, half-angry and grandparents before them, on the bus or on other occasions she Hanson. In the early phase of treatment, his daughter has good performance in the third or fourth treatment, her daughter asked to eat gum, for the opportunity to see this: He asked his mother not to give her sugar, because of the imminent lunch time. The child started to cry, downtown and undress, when the mother is about to surrender, the therapist encourages mothers adhere to it, a half hour later, the child ease, although therapist and mother are tired of the miserable. Finally the mother in this performance in the control of children persist. Using structure-oriented view, and the reconstruction of the line between effective alternative form of the exchange was introduced, the establishment of a class system, reduce child temperament, because she knows the mother s ability to deal with. -- Follow (1) Concept Follow This technology is used in the treatment of persons from the position in order to actively listen to the family in that incident, the family discovered that incident, the family discovered that the interaction of the incident throughout the sequence, the structure of the family, or in the system and in the context of feelings. But follow is not neutral and objective treatment in the process and structure of the system with the concept of access. Follow But the family ignored by the report of the original, for example, argued in the case of follow , the treatment might ask, Where was the child? Or by the President which is the magic button, which allows you to become an homemade fury? Such treatment Following are the events they report it into some new information. Treatment is often must pay attention to the process, not content. Followed by treatment for the symptoms of the object, action, communication, interests, family themes and metaphors or language used in the family communication symbols (for example, the theme of life, values, special family events), and to deliberately used in the dialogue with their families. When follow symbolic, treatment cases asking to use their own symbols or metaphors to describe in detail their experience or start the sequence, which may be transmitted to the treatment cherished family members said, they also can affect the way the exchange model. Miniuqin this technology is called to follow the leadership of (leading by following). Indeed, most of the schools are using this technology. For example, psychological analysts will follow the impedance, Adler was sent to follow the internal logic and cognitive therapy approach is believed to follow a rational system. Orientation strategy and trying to find treatment and provoked by card to live a positive response from the Central family. Structural orientation treatment to be used this way, adding the family system culture and language, to be followed by to take this opportunity to change the old system. Structural orientation is perhaps this view of systems and technologies mentioned the most! Aponte and Van Deusen noted that language, life theme, history, family values, etc. are composed of family recognition factor , and these symbols are found in the content of communication. Treatment with their own symbols and family communication, and building up the relationship with family members. Miniuqin fees and follow-Man is described joining family, gently guide them to a new process of the basic elements. This is the orientation of the structure is very important strategy. Through the establishment of structures, and interactive account from operations, and treatment of cases to establish the exchange, in this exchange in the treatment into the case to help them narrate their own stories and integrated into the treatment process.
Related: GAO: Poor Staffing Cited in Youths Deaths at Boot Camp
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