Legislators consider aspartame ban

Jan. 1.

House Bill 2680 is up for a vote in the Health Committee on Wednesday, giving supporters of the ban more time to prove why Hawai'i should become the first state to ban a federally approved product, a move lawmakers are unlikely to make without strong evidence of a public health risk.

Proponents of the bill were told after a public hearing last week that a ban would be hard to push through.

Those who want aspartame taken out of Hawai'i's food supply call it a neurotoxin, a carcinogen and the source of headaches, heart spasms and a host of other ills.

"We would stop many of the neurological problems that people have today. We'd stop a lot of the cancers that are happening today. We would stop a lot of fatalities that are occurring today," said ban supporter Jade Brujell of Moloka'i.

But the state Department of Health submitted written testimony rebutting that. "Aspartame is one of the most thoroughly tested and studied food additives the (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) has ever approved," according to Health Department Director Chiyome Fukino's testimony.

A 2007 study published in Informa Healthcare's respected commercial journal "Critical Reviews of Toxicology," concluded that aspartame does not cause cancer, has no effect on behavior, cognitive function, neural function or seizures and is safe for diabetics who adhere to a sugar-free diet, she said.

Aspartame, which was introduced in 1981, is found in more than 6,000 products from chewing gum to some medications, and is used by more than 200 million people worldwide, according to state statistics.

Richard Botti, a lobbyist who testified as an individual, said as a diabetic, he reaches for the sweetener instead of sugar. While aspartame might have health risks, sugar definitely does for diabetics.

"Either one can be bad," he said. "If you ban this, what am I going to do? I'm going to die from sugar," he said.

But another diabetic, retired nuclear engineer Adrian Chang, who also suffers from high blood pressure and heart spasms, noticed a positive change in his health after cutting out diet sodas.

"By process of elimination, detailed record keeping and strict regimented diet, there is little doubt in my engineering mind that aspartame beverages were making me sick," he wrote in testimony.

Melissa Yee, a doctor of acupuncture and Oriental medicine, said she advises her patients to stop drinking aspartame-sweetened beverages and said, "In most cases, the headaches, blurry vision, dizziness, muscle aches and other symptoms related to their condition are gone within weeks."

Ruth Nakasone of Pearl City, in written testimony, said, "Aspartame breaks down into aspartic acid, phenylalanine, methanol and formaldehyde. It probably has its place in industry, but certainly not good for our brains and bodies. By setting a ban, it would send a strong message to our food industry that they should be very conscious of selling us food that is safe."

The bill drew testimony from all over the country.

New Mexico state Sen. Gerald Ortiz y Pino, who had failed to get a similar bill passed in his state, submitted written testimony that blamed "corporate lobbyists' theories of federal pre-emption" for killing similar bills he had submitted in 2006 and 2007.

The bill was opposed by the Grocery Manufacturers Association, the American Beverage Association and the Retail Merchants of Hawai'i.

The Atlanta-based Calorie Control Council

Removing aspartame from the food supply would seriously impact the availability of low- and reduced-calorie foods and beverages, negatively affecting the millions of people who depend on these products to reduce and control calories," said council president Lyn O'Brien Nabors in written testimony.

However, Cori Brackett, of Tucson, Ariz., e-mailed lawmakers testimony in which she called herself an aspartame survivor. "In 2002, I was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and shortly thereafter was confined to a wheelchair with double vision and slurred speech," she wrote.

Blaming her diet drink for the disease, Brackett said, "The largest tragedy in my own life was thinking that aspartame was not only safe, but good for me."

Reach Treena Shapiro at tshapiro@honoluluadvertiser.com

Abstract cancer cachexia patients with tumor survival and quality of life is directly related to cancer patients is often the primary cause of death. Currently cytokines and cancer cachexia is gradually Study on the relationship between people s attention by the paper on cancer cachexia and metabolic characteristics of the three mechanisms, the present study several more cytokines and cachexia and the study of the relationship between some of their differences Summary.

Cachexia (cachexia) from Greek kakos , that is, not the state. It can occur in a variety of diseases, including cancer, aIDS, severe trauma, surgery, absorbing adverse and serious sepsis, associated with the tumor cachexia called cancer-related cachexia. Cachexia are all short-term weight loss, fat and muscle tissue consumption of clinical features, and also a loss of appetite, low blood sugar and other symptoms. Patients with tumor survival and quality of life and the evil of quality directly related cachexia, cancer patients are often the primary cause of death. 1 reported on patients with advanced cancer 50%, 80% of end-stage will happen cachexia.

Cancer cachexia the mechanism is not yet fully understand, some people think that cachexia is the reasons for the reduction in consumption and increase consumption of tumor, but nutrition support therapy such as total parenteral nutrition (tPN) minimal role. In recent years, the study 2 showed that cancer cachexia is the occurrence of a variety of substances regulated by the imbalance, including cytokines. Andrassy, etc. 3 pointed out that children s cancer cachexia reasons including tumor necrosis factor (tNF

Moldawer, etc. 4 In hIV cachexia have also reported similar. Currently cytokines and cancer cachexia is gradually Study on the relationship between people and their importance, the paper only in patients with cancer cachexia metabolism of the three major characteristics and mechanisms, the present study several more cytokines and cachexia and the study of the relationship between some of differences were reviewed.

Patients with tumors of the three major metabolic characteristics and mechanisms

Glucose metabolism in normal cells a glucose molecule can generate 10 aTP, and the overwhelming majority of tumors rely mainly on the anaerobic Jiaojie glucose, a glucose molecule can only have two aTP, and a large number of lactic acid. There are two main reasons: First, change isomerase; Second, the lower the blood supply, resulting in hypoxia. Research shows that aS-30D hepatoma cell type

National People s Congress in colorectal cancer glucose uptake and release lactic acid, respectively, over the 30-week high normal tissue and 43 times that of glycolysis is a low-energy way to produce and therefore need more glucose.

Despite some cancer patients to reduce weight, but liver glucose synthesis of normal capacity was still 40% higher, this increase comes mainly from an increase cori cycle. Cori cycle in normal circumstances is only responsible for 20% of the conversion of glucose, and in patients with cancer cachexia that number up to 50 percent (run out lactic acid), equivalent to a daily intake of glucose by 40%. Advanced cancer patients glucose synthesis, both from the lactic acid, can be derived from alanine, glycine, and other.

Fat metabolism in adults, for the fat to 90 per cent, with a weight reduction of glycerol and fatty acids into strengthened, and fasting plasma glycerol concentration higher lipid degradation that cancer patients faster, even in the blood glucose concentration than High circumstances, certain tumor as its preferred option for lipid substances can be. Study found that in the lower weight before, fatty acid mobilization in cancer patients has been strengthened, and that the body tumor ah organizations can produce lipid mobilization factor. In normal subjects, consumption of glucose can inhibit lipid mobilization, and in cancer patients, the inhibition of glucose disappear, in the oxidation of fatty acids; if accompanied by inadequate dietary intake of fat and, it is bound to cause reduced storage of fat, triglycerides Ester cycle and glycogen synthesis, making metabolic rate increase, the result of all these processes make to reduce fat storage and weight decrease.

Fatty acids in body fat tissue mobilization is the growth of tumor may be one of the important reasons, in vivo study showed that oleic acid can stimulate tumor growth may be due to synthetic prostaglandin (pGs) or lipid peroxidation product of metabolism after a metabolic enzyme. Walker256 sarcoma in rats with 12 - lipid oxidation enzyme specificity of antisense oligonucleotide or antisense oligonucleotides inserted into lipid oxidation enzyme conservative region can occur time and dose-dependent apoptosis, and that comes from essential amino acids in adipose tissue apoptosis

Protein metabolism in patients with tumor protein consumption is the site of the most skeletal muscle system, muscle protein and protein consumption and visceral level and directly related to survival. Normal body protein for muscle protein synthesis of 53%, and weight loss in cancer patients with only 8%. In the early days, total protein synthesis rate for non-maintenance of skeletal muscle protein synthesis, primarily the liver protein synthesis and secretion, such as immune response associated protein.

Cancer cachexia in patients with rectal abdominal muscle biopsy found cathepsin d activity increased, and may be related to protein degradation. Plasma amino acid composition has changed, such as the colon cancer study found branched-chain amino acids have special needs. Cachexia in patients with glycogen synthesis of the amino acid concentration decreased, but only in the plasma of patients with malnutrition of branched-chain amino acid levels to normal or elevated.

Several cytokines and cachexia relations

TNF

IL-6 in animal experiments show that iL-6 and cachexia, and the iL-6 can be delayed mouse monoclonal antibody to reduce weight and other signs of cachexia there. Strassmann, etc. 8 also reported iL-6 and tumor cachexia, and the iL-6 antibody or iL-6 receptor antagonist cachexia may improve the symptoms. IL-6 transgenic

In vitro experiments found that the mice c2C12 muscle cells and small iL-6 (100U/ml) culture, protein half-life shorter growing period results, 26 of the S protein and lysosomes (cathepsin b and l) of the soluble protein increased activity means that iL-6 can directly increase the degradation of proteins. Okada, etc. 10 Clinical studies have also been similar results, the authors choose 55 cases of patients with pancreatic cancer, of which 30 patients with cachexia signs, 25 patients without weight loss, and there are 25 cases of chronic pancreatitis and 20 normal controls, The results showed that 54.5% of patients with cancer have increased levels of IL-6, only one case of normal, 2 cases of chronic pancreatitis iL-6 levels increased, cachexia 76.7% of the cancer patients increased levels of IL-6, are without cachexia Only 28% higher, suggesting that iL-6 and related cachexia, iL-6 antibody treatment can improve the symptoms of patients with pancreatic cancer. IL-6 may not be separate but coordinated with the other factors involved in the occurrence of cachexia.

IL-1 iL-1 and tNF

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